This special issue aims at addressing the globalizing tendency of the English language worldwide, its excessive spread, and the linguistic, social, cultural, and psychological influence it exerts. Its central concern is to outline the importance and spread of English worldwide, inviting papers that will shed some light on the recent statistical figures on English as a foreign/second language learning. Secondly, due to the fact that the old and new generations are being highly exposed to English as the language of technology, science, cinematography, entertainment, aviation, navigation, etc, there is a growing risk for the other languages to undergo slow and inconspicuous changes. Researchers due to their field of study are welcome to introduce their case studies on the above linguistic changes covering mostly the phonetic, phonological, morphological, syntactic, and semantic domains of the language under analysis. Furthermore, it is accepted that language change is accompanied with cultural, social, and psychological change within a linguistic community. Looking at the fact that children at an early age are exposed to English either deliberately or not and the fact that teenagers find it fashionable to switch code from their mother tongue to English, it has a great and irreparable effect within a large community having as their mode of communication any other language.

Most importantly, apart from evidencing the globalizing influence of English, the main focus of this special issue is to encourage papers on the future of the English language as a superstrata or pidging or a common language enjoying the same common status.

This Special Issue aims to provide a platform for researchers to present novel and effective security, privacy, trustworthiness-enhancing techniques for AI-enabled IIoT. Original research and review articles are welcome.